مدرسة وخانقاه السلطان الظاهر برقوق
تقع في شارع المعز لدين الله الفاطمي، وتعد تلك المنشأة أول المنشآت المعمارية في دولة المماليك الجراكسة، وأنشأها السلطان الظاهر برقوق أول ملوك دولة المماليك الجراكسة فيما بين عامي ٧٨٦- ٧٨٨هـ / ١٣٨٤- ١٣٨٥م، وهو الذي قام الأمير يلبغا رئيسه بتغير اسمه إلى برقوق لبروز عينه وجحوظها بعد أن كان اسمه ألطنبغا، وأخذ في التدرج العسكري ليصل إلى كرسي السلطنة عام ٧٨٤هـ ليظل متربعًا عليه حتى سجن في الكرك عام ٧٩١هـ، وكان قد أوصى أن يدفن تحت أقدام مشايخ مدرسته بشارع المعز؛ وهما الشيخ البجائي والصيرمي، وأن يبنى عليهم قبة يلحق بها خانقاه. وهو ما نفذه ابنه السلطان الناصر فرج، وكان موضعها قبل الإنشاء ما يعرف بخان الزكاة.
وظهرت وظيفة المنشأة من خلال النصوص التأسيسية بصيغة “المدرسة المباركة والخانقاه” وبذلك فهي تجمع بين طالب العلم والصوفي، وكانت تدرس بالمدرسة المذاهب الفقهية الأربعة وعلوم التفسير والحديث والقراءات، وهي عبارة عن فناء مكشوف يتوسطه فسقية للوضوء يحيطه أربعة إيوانات، وتتضمن قبة لدفن السلطان، وخانقاه لإعاشة المتصوفة، ومئذنة تقع على يمين المدخل الرئيسي للمجموعة. وكان للصوفية دور هام من إعداد بعض أفرادهم لخدمات المنشأة؛ فكان منهم خازن للمكتبة، وطباخ، وسواق للساقية. وبإضافة منبر للمدرسة في عهد السلطان أبو سعيد جقمق المتواجد اسمه على المنبر أضيفت وظيفة الجامع للمدرسة.
وتعكس المجموعة المعمارية للسلطان برقوق أجمل العناصر الزخرفية الخشبية والرخامية والمعدنية والجصية والزجاجية الملونة في الفن المملوكي، أبرزها السقف الخشبي لإيوان الصلاة الذي يعد من أروع نماذج زخرفة الأسقف الخشبية بالعمائر الإسلامية في مدينة القاهرة برسومه النباتية والهندسية والكتابية المنفذة بطريقتي التلوين والتذهيب.
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