It dates back to the fourth cetury AD, ad is amed after the moastery of the Virgi Mary “Parmos” i relatio to the ame of the Church of the aciet ame of the Virgi Mary, which dates back to the time of St. Makarios, where the formatio of the first moastic group i the Valley of atrou ad the moastery is located i the orthwester tip of Al-atrou valley is about 14 km west of the Cairo-Alexadria desert road at about 106 km.
The ame of the Virgi Mary is cosidered oe of the oldest churches i the valley of atrou. It also icludes a table, a library ad a fortress.
The cemetery of the moutai of the dead, is ,,,,,,,,,, depedig o the iscriptios ad archaeological remais The history of the cemetery shows the history of the oldest tombs i A, the history of the history of the oldest burial to the cemetery of the sixth family era, ad the cotiued burial i this cemetery util the Roma era The late (Byzatie).
The Mout of the Dead is derived from its colorful tombs, the most importat of which are four tombs: the tomb of Ba Thoth, the tomb of Miso Isis, the Cemetery of the Crocodile, ad the tomb of Si Amu, which is the most beautiful cemetery i the Wester Desert. I the Baath ad immortality, ad the most importat characteristic of this cemetery of the Ptolemaic era is the itegratio of artistic features betwee Egyptia ad Greek art, which was evidet through the scees o the walls of the cemetery.
Oe of the souther stoe gates of the secod wall of the city of Fatimid Cairo, was established by the Miister Badr al-Jamali durig the reig of the Caliph al-Mustasir Balah al-Fatimi i 485 AH / 1092 AD, ad the ame of Bab Zuwailah is attributed to the tribe of Zuwaila barbarism, which came with the commader of the Fatimid armies ” Ad lived ear the gate, also kow as the door of Zuwaila aother ame is “Gate Metwally”, ad a variety of opiios that try to explai the reaso for that label, icludig due to the belief of the residets of the regio that the spirit of the Metwally oe of the righteous parets of God was livig i the gate, but the opiio closest to the right That Metwally I the Fatimid era he was sittig.
Bab Zuwaila derived its historical sigificace from a famous icidet that was covered by historical sources: the hagig of the last Mamluk Sultas, the Sulta Toma Bay, by the Ottoma Sulta Selim I i the early 10th / 16th cetury AD.
The gate cosists of two revolvig towers i the upper third of each of which is a defesive room for the soldiers. A woode gate weighig 4 tos is covered with broze. The towers of Bab Zuwaila are distiguished by the two majestic towers. At the time of the costructio of the mosque of the Muayyid Shaykh, oe of the sultas of the Mamluk state of the Circassias i the 9th / 15th cetury AD, The gate was decorated with the reliefs of the relief sculpture ad the stoe o the stoe, where the rectagular etrace is located at the frot of the gate, as well as the split ad shaped sectios.
The Syria moastery built some Syria sheikhs ad the moastery of Aba Bishoy built o the ame of a Christia saits, ad the date of the establishmet of the moastery is ot kow specifically.
These loas were dedicated to the residece of moks ad religious services for Orthodox Christias
There are two mai churches i the Moastery of the Virgi, the first of which is Byzatie style ad is square i shape. Its etrace is located i the southwester part. The church icludes the gallery, the church ad the structures. The choir separates from the hall a wall with two etraces. The other church follows the basilic style ad cosists of a bowl, two wigs, a wester side, a circle, a choir, ad a structure. The choir is separated from the courtyard by a wall dividig the church ito two separate sectios ad i the moastery a large umber of aexes ad chapels.
The Moastery of Aba Bishoy is a mai church amed Bishop Bishoy ad is i the basilic style. It has three etraces, oe o the orth side ad the other o the souther side ad the third etrace i the ceter of the wester side of the church ad its roof i the form of camels. A large umber of appedices ad foutais moks.
He ordered the establishmet of this mosque Haj Ibrahim bi Haj Obeid Maghrib famous famous oble i 1097 AH / 1685. He was oe of the largest merchats ad digitaries of Alexadria
Belogs to the local Ottoma style i Egypt kow as the Delta, which is evidet from its ame that it has spread i the buildig of the mosques of the face of the sea i Egypt, ad takes the mosque layout of the mosques suspeded, it cosists of two floors, occupies the groud floor 12 shop ad a way ad used a small coffee, Which was supplyig the mosque with water from its ow tak. The first floor was used for prayer.
It has four facades overlookig the surroudig streets, the mai oes are the south-west overlookig the Frech street, ad the mai etrace is opeed, ad this etry is topped by the foudig text of the mosque (Plate 5), which reads: “I the ame of God the Merciful – I God – this mosque was established by Haj Ibrahim Trabaeh i 1097 “ad ext to the Basmalah from the top of the sigature” Essa “.
This facade is opeed o the first floor with semi-circular cotracts, with rectagular widows topped with woode widows covered with wood ad surrouded by a strip of peat ad mime. The top of the façade is filled with vegetable flaps.
Ad asceds from this etrace by ladder to the Basta topped by the miaret, ad offset by aother ladder leadig to the etrace to the side of the mosque, ad this miaret is the oldest miarets remaiig i Alexadria.
The Ewa prayer is a rectagle divided ito five corridors by four basemets parallel to the qibla wall. These basis carry a roof of woode basis decorated with geometric ad vegetal motifs. The back porch is the ceter of the qibla wall i the middle of the qibla wall. A hollow iche with a tapered cotract, a mihrab ad a qibla wall. Ceramic tiles for various floral ad geometric desigs.
Held withi the secod wall of the city of Cairo i the reig of Caliph al-Mustasir by vizier commader of the armies of Badr al-Jamali Armeia origi i 480 AH / 1078 AD, which have brought the Caliph after severe Mustasiriya to take cotrol of thigs, ad actually maaged to kill seditio heads ad improve the situatio of the coutry, ad became the first orthopedic miister i successio Fatimid.
The portal cosists of two towers Msamti util the height of the wall facade curved semi-circular, ad rises above the gate opeigs etrace floor platform gate is poured scorchig them material o the attackers, ad the upper floor cosists of two rooms to moitor separated by slots to throw darts at the siege of the city, crowed the upper surface of the towers Acharavat.
We fid the easter corer of the vestibule etrace of a small shrie kow as the shrie of good taste, the geeral states that he was a old ma bored with what is happeig betwee the Bullies he arose out of Cairo, but he died dow the gate ad his work this shrie.
The remais of the school are located i Al-Moez Ladi Allah Fatimid Street i the kow area of Bai Al-Qasrai i frot of the Pashtak Palace. It was built o parts of the Fatimid Grad Palace. The first was the Sulta Kig Kamel asiruddi Mohammed bi Al-Adel Abu Bakr Ib Ayoub i 622 AH / 1225 CE. He is the Price Hassa Ktkhda Emmufa Shaarawi oe of the me of Egypt durig the reig of the goveror Mohammed Ami Pasha durig the Ottoma rule of Egypt.
Kig Al Kamel established the school to be the home of the Hadith ad the to the scholars of the Shafi’i school, ad placed a quarter adjacet to it. The school cosists of a middle courtyard with two chambers o each side. The school was i ruis util Price Hassa Kutkhda i the Ottoma era i 1166 AH / 1752 AD exploited the area of the south-east of the collapsed to build a small mosque hagig, ad the rest of the Ayyubid school so far is the orthwester Iwa, icludig air itake, ad the desig of rooms for studets, Some of the frescoes of these walls were preserved i the Museum of Islamic Art i Cairo, as well as part of the Ewa prayer cotract.
The Ottoma Hagig Mosque is based o a umber of lower shops overlookig the façade. The buildig has a etrace with a simple triagular bridge. Its etrace etrace is carved with a writte text of Ottoma reewal ad topped by a decade of Ottoma ceramic tiles.
The remais of the school are located i Al-Moez Ladi Allah Fatimi Street i the kow area of Bai Al-Kasserie i frot of Sulta Qalawu Group. It was built o parts of the Great Fatimid Easter Palace durig the period 660-662 AH / 1262-1263 AD by Sulta Al-Zaher Baybars, oe of the Mamluk sultas. I the battle of Ai Ghalot betwee the Muslims ad the Tatars, after the Sultaate took the title of coqueror ad the chaged his title to the apparet, he died i 676 AH ad was buried i Damascus.
The school cosisted of a middle courtyard ad four Iwas to teach the Shafi’i ad Haafi doctrie ad the seve readigs ad the Hadith, ad set up a huge library ad set up a book for Muslim orphas to memorize the Kora. Sulta Baybars stopped it outside Bab Zuwaila i the area kow as the Quarter. The school is oly the right part of the etrace ad the room to the southeast of it ad part of its southwester corer, after the opeig of the House of Judge i 1874 i the era of Khedive Ismail ad the fall of the miaret i 1882.
The school is characterized by the egravig of the barber o afisi Shabakha, which is kow as Sulta Bieberas, whose ame meas “leopard” i Turkish. The door of the school is still filled with copper ad broze i the Frech cosulate i Giza after it was trasferred to Cout St. Maurice.
Ashmoui is located 8 km orthwest of Malloy. The capital of the regio was the fifteeth of the regios of Upper Egypt, ad derived its ame from “Khmo” ay umber eight, because the priests were the owers of the theory of the creatio of the uiverse by eight gods, ad became the word i Coptic, “Shammo” ad “Shamo” ad the became i Arabic “Ashmoi” . It was also kow i Greek as “Hormopolis”, the city of the god “Hermes” who liked the Greeks with him ad the Egyptia idol “Hhuti”.
ot oly did the Ashmous hold their promiet place i the Egyptia faiths because of Thamo Ashmoui, but because it was also the ceter of worship of the god of the wisdom ad kowledge of aciet Egypt. Amehotep the Third set up a temple i which oly a huge statue of the god ” This is the largest statue of a mokey foud i Egypt.
As for Toua al-Jabal, it is located about 7 km from Ashmoui ad follows the ceter of Mallawi. It was the capital of the fifteeth provice of Upper Egypt ad its cowardice is the late cemetery of the city of Ashmoui.
The ame is derived from the aciet Egyptia word “Tahai” meaig the lake, referrig to a lake that was formed i the regio as a result of the floodig of the ile. It became Greek i Tuisia, the Tua i Arabic, ad the word moutai was added to it because of its moutaious regio.
The cemetery of Toua al-Jabal is especially importat because it highlights the artistic matig betwee aciet Egyptia art ad Greek art. The area icludes the followig moumets: oe of Akheate’s border plates, ad the Tua moutai basis, a huge collectio of rock-cut laes for the burial of sacred ibis ad mokeys after their embalmig, ad the tomb of the Great Priest.
This palace was established by the ower Alexa Abshkiro, who was bor i the ceter of Aboub i Assiut provice i 1865,
Ad joied the Faculty of Assiut America, ad graduated o 26 May i 1882, ad the studied law school,
He joied the Evagelical Church i 1880 ad was a aget for the Evagelical commuity for 40 years ad died o May 28, 1949.1 The date of the palace’s establishmet dates back to 1910, as it is writte o the top of the palace’s souther façade.
Architectural Characterizatio:
The palace is a buildig with a built-i wall system. The palace cosists of two floors, except for the easter side overlookig the ile River. The palace is surrouded by a walled garde with a iro wall measurig about oe ad a half acres.
The souther façade is the mai ad divided ito three sectios. The left ad right sectios are similar, each oe of which is a semi-eight block, which is distiguished from the wall wall. There are three widows i the widow, ad o the secod floor are three widows.
As for the secod floor is a three-decker plae covered with wood Bashish semi-circular shape is preceded by a fece of Bramak mouted o a semi-circular shell
The ceter part is the etrace block, which is preceded by a curved staircase of 6 degrees surrouded by a balustrade
The facades of the palace are all crowed from the top of a stoe flap mouted o small stoe spikes of acathus leaves ad small helical spidles that ed up with a stoe frieze iterspersed with small stoe pillars i the corers.
